Building a wood burning sauna is a rewarding project that combines functionality with relaxation. Saunas have been used for centuries as a way to promote health and wellness, offering benefits such as improved circulation, detoxification, and stress relief.

A wood burning sauna, in particular, provides a traditional and authentic experience, with the comforting crackle of firewood and the natural warmth it generates. This guide will walk you through the essential steps of how to make a wood burning sauna, perfect for unwinding and rejuvenating in the comfort of your backyard or home.

What is a Wood Burning Sauna?

A wood burning sauna is a type of sauna that uses a wood-fired stove to generate heat. Unlike modern electric saunas, it relies on burning firewood to warm the sauna room and heat the stones, which then produce steam when water is poured over them. This traditional method not only creates an authentic sauna experience but also offers a connection to nature with its use of natural materials and methods.

Benefits of a Wood Burning Sauna

Wood burning saunas provide numerous health and wellness benefits. The deep, penetrating heat helps to improve blood circulation, promoting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. The intense sweating induced by the sauna assists in detoxifying the body by flushing out toxins and impurities.

Additionally, the soothing heat relaxes muscles, alleviating tension and easing joint pain. Beyond physical health, the serene ambiance created by the wood crackling and natural scents fosters mental relaxation, reduces stress, and encourages mindfulness. For those seeking a holistic wellness experience, a wood burning sauna is an excellent choice.

Tools and Materials Needed

To set up and enjoy a wood burning sauna, several essential tools and materials are required. First, you’ll need a high-quality wood burning stove specifically designed for saunas, as this serves as the core of the heating system. Firewood, preferably dry hardwood, is essential for fueling the stove and generating heat. Stones designed for sauna use are also necessary; these will retain and radiate heat effectively.

A sturdy sauna structure, whether it’s a pre-built cabin or a custom-built design, forms the insulated space to contain the warmth. Additional tools such as a fire poker, ash bucket, and thermometer are useful for maintaining the fire and monitoring the sauna’s temperature. Accessories like a sauna bucket and ladle for pouring water on hot stones, along with towels and seating materials, complete the setup for a rejuvenating sauna experience.

10 Methods How to Make a Wood Burning Sauna

1. Choose the Ideal Location for Your Sauna

The first crucial step in building a wood-burning sauna is selecting the perfect location. Ideally, the site should be level, well-drained, and easily accessible while providing some privacy and shelter from harsh weather. Many people prefer to place their sauna near a water source, such as a lake or a shower, to enhance the post-sauna experience.

Additionally, consider local building codes and regulations, as some areas may require permits for sauna construction. Positioning your sauna away from dense trees or overhanging branches reduces the risk of fire hazards, which is especially important given the wood-burning stove’s heat output.

2. Design the Sauna Structure and Size

Before construction, designing the sauna is essential to meet your specific needs. The size depends on how many people you expect to accommodate, but a common dimension ranges from 6 feet by 6 feet to 8 feet by 12 feet. Draw detailed plans that include walls, benches, a door, windows (if any), and the stove placement.

Ensure proper spacing around the wood stove for safety and ventilation. The interior walls will be lined with heat-resistant, moisture-tolerant wood, such as cedar, spruce, or hemlock. Also, plan for insulation and vapor barriers to maintain heat efficiently, preventing heat loss and moisture damage.

3. Prepare a Solid Foundation

A strong, level foundation is necessary to support the sauna’s weight and prevent moisture damage. Concrete slabs are common and provide excellent durability and moisture resistance. Alternatively, treated wooden beams or concrete blocks can be used if a full slab isn’t practical. Before pouring concrete or placing beams, clear the site of debris and level the ground.

Incorporate drainage solutions, such as gravel beds or drainage pipes, to divert water away from the foundation. The foundation should be slightly elevated to prevent flooding or ground moisture from penetrating the sauna floor.

4. Frame the Sauna Walls

Using pressure-treated lumber for the base frame, construct the wall frames according to your design dimensions. Typical framing uses 2×4 or 2×6 studs spaced 16 to 24 inches apart. Use a carpenter’s level and square to ensure walls are straight and true.

Include openings for the door and windows, taking care to reinforce these areas with additional studs. After assembling the frames, raise the walls onto the foundation and secure them firmly. Proper framing is essential for structural integrity and sets the stage for insulation, interior paneling, and exterior siding.

5. Insulate and Install a Vapor Barrier

To keep the sauna warm and energy-efficient, insulation is critical. Use mineral wool or fiberglass insulation between the studs, which can withstand high temperatures and moisture better than standard insulation. Avoid using foam boards inside the sauna due to potential toxicity at high heat.

Over the insulation, install a vapor barrier, typically aluminum foil or specialized sauna vapor barrier sheets. This layer prevents moisture from seeping into the walls, which could cause wood rot or mold. Seal all seams with heat-resistant tape and carefully cover the entire interior wall surface.

6. Line the Interior with Sauna-Grade Wood

The sauna’s interior should be lined with softwoods that tolerate heat and moisture without releasing resin. Cedar is the most popular choice for its pleasant aroma, natural resistance to decay, and insulating properties. Spruce and hemlock are also commonly used. Install tongue-and-groove wooden panels horizontally or vertically over the vapor barrier.

Use stainless steel or other rust-resistant nails or screws to prevent corrosion. The wood paneling not only creates the characteristic sauna ambiance but also protects insulation and framing while providing a smooth, comfortable surface.

7. Install Benches and Seating

Comfortable benches are essential for a quality sauna experience. Build benches using the same heat-resistant wood as the walls, ensuring smooth, splinter-free surfaces. The lower bench should be about 18 inches from the floor, and an upper bench approximately 36 to 42 inches high for effective heat stratification.

Leave enough space between benches to allow proper air circulation and easy movement. Bench supports must be sturdy and securely fastened to the framing. Removable or hinged bench tops can facilitate cleaning and maintenance. Rounded edges improve safety and comfort during long sauna sessions.

8. Set Up the Wood-Burning Stove Safely

The stove is the heart of the sauna, so proper installation is crucial for safety and efficiency. Select a wood-burning stove designed specifically for saunas, featuring appropriate heat output and safety certifications. Place the stove on a non-combustible base, such as concrete or metal, to protect the floor. Maintain clearances between the stove and combustible materials according to manufacturer instructions, typically 18 to 36 inches.

Install a chimney pipe that vents smoke outside, extending at least 3 feet above the roofline, and use heat shields where the stove is close to walls or ceilings. Proper ventilation ensures clean burning and reduces fire risk.

9. Install Proper Ventilation

Good ventilation is vital for maintaining air quality and temperature balance inside the sauna. A fresh air intake vent is usually placed near the stove or low on the wall to feed oxygen to the fire and keep the air fresh. An exhaust vent is positioned on the opposite side near the ceiling to allow hot, stale air to escape. These vents should be adjustable to control airflow. Adequate ventilation helps regulate humidity and prevents the buildup of carbon monoxide, ensuring a safe and comfortable sauna environment.

10. Finish Exterior Walls and Doors

Finally, protect your sauna’s exterior by installing weather-resistant siding such as cedar shingles, tongue-and-groove boards, or metal cladding. Treat the wood with outdoor-grade sealant or paint to protect it from rain, snow, and sun damage. Insulate and weatherproof the door, ensuring it seals tightly but opens outward for safety.

Consider installing a small window or vent in the door for natural light and additional ventilation. The exterior finish not only enhances the sauna’s appearance but also extends its lifespan by protecting the structure from environmental elements.

Conclusion

In conclusion, building a sauna requires careful planning and attention to detail, but the result is a rewarding investment in your well-being. From selecting the right materials to ensuring proper insulation and ventilation, every step contributes to creating a comfortable and efficient space. A well-maintained sauna can provide years of relaxation, health benefits, and enjoyment, making it a valuable addition to any home. Thanks for reading our blog post on how to make a wood burning sauna! We hope you found it helpful and informative.